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| City in northeastern Libya
with 950,000 inhabitants (2004 estimate), on the Gulf of Sidra, a
part of the Mediterranean Sea. It is the second largest city in Libya,
and the dominating in the eastern Cyrenaica region, and is the capital
of the district of Benghazi. Important industries include salt processing, oil refining, food processing, cement manufacturing, tanning, brewing and sponge- and tuna fishing. The region of Benghazi has some agriculture producing cereals, dates, olives, and livestock for wool and meat. Benghazi's main exports are sponges, hides and wool. Fresh water is provided by one of the world's largest desalinization plants. Benghazi's airport lies 32 km to the east, and connects Benghazi with some foreign cities, as well as the major cities of Libya. Roads connect Benghazi with other Libyan centres on the Mediterranean coast, as well as the interior. Tripoli lies 1,000 km to the west. Benghazi has several national government buildings, and serves several functions normally located to a country's capital. The university Gar Younis was established in 1955. |
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| Weather in Benghazi today |
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| HISTORY 6th century BCE: Founded by Greeks from the nearby settlement of Cyrene. The city is named Euseperides. 249: Euseperides is refounded by the Egyptians, and given the additional name Barneek (or Berenice), after the wife of the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy 3's wife. It became the most important city of Cyrenaica. 5th century CE: Barneek suffers great damage from invading Vandals. 642: Invaded and annexed by the Arabs. 15th century: The city is named after Ibn Ghazi, a local holy man, and is in full called Bani Ghazi, "tribe of Ghazi". 16th century: Invasion by the Ottomans, and Bani Ghazi is incorporated into the empire. 1711: Comes under region control of Tripoli, as it is passed by that city's ruling Karamanli family. 1835: Comes under direct rule from Istanbul, and is generally neglected, and would eventuregion in the empire, without paved roads, telegraph or a decent harbour. 1858:ally become the poorest Many of the inhabitants die from bubonic plague. 1874: A second attack of bubonic plague kills a large number of the inhabitants. October 1911: Is occupied by Italy during the Turko-Italian War, together with most of the lands making up modern Libya. The region of Benghazi, called Cyrenaica, is granted status of colony. A period of heavy repression starts, and Benghazi would become a centre for Libyan resistance over the next 20 years, before Italian control was finally established. 1940-42: During the World War 2, Benghazi is bombed more than 1,000 times by European forces. November 1942 : After changing hands 5 times, it comes under British control. They would keep their control even after the end of the war. 1949: King Idris makes Benghazi capital of Barka, comprising the eastern Mediterranean coast of Libya. 1950's: Libyan independence leads to many projects for the improvement of Benghazi's infrastructure. |
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