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| Cyrenaica
(Barca) was a Roman province on the north eastren coast of Libya
between Egypt and Numidia; it had been formerly Greek. That area is
now the eastern part of the Mediterranean coast of Libya. The province
consisted classically of five cities, the Pentapolis—
Cyrene (near the village city of Shahat) with its port of Apollonia
(Marsa Susa), Arsinoe (Tocra), Berenice (Benghazi) and
Barca (Merj)— of which the chief was the eponymous Cyrene.
In the south Cyrenaica faded into the Sahara. Conquered by Alexander
the Great, it passed to the Ptolemies, then to Rome. It was separated
from the main kingdom by Ptolemy VIII and given to his son Ptolemy
Apion, who, dying without heirs in 96 BC, bequeathed it to the Roman
Republic. Although some confusion exists as to the exact territory
Rome inherited, by 78 BC it was organised as a province with Crete,
until the reforms of Diocletian in 300 changed all of the provincial
administrations. |
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"Cyrenaica:
Grottos of the Necropolis of Cyrenia" In Jean-Raimond Pacho,
Relation d'un voyage dans la Mamarique, la Cyrenaique et les
oasis d'Audjelah et de Mardeh, Paris, 1827. Reprinted by the
editions Jeanne Lafitte, Marseille 1979.
(General Collections, Library of Congress) |
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